What is the Sound

 Sound

Sound is produced by a vibrating source that causes the matter around it to move.
• No sound is produced in a vacuum - Matter (air, water, earth) must be present!
• The vibration of the source causes it to push/pull its neighboring particles, which in turn push/pull its neighbors and so on.
• Pushes increase the air pressure (compression) while pulls decrease the air pressure (rarefaction)
 • The vibration sends a wave of pressure fluctuation through the air


Waves

• Waves can be longitudinal (the particles move in the same direction of the wave) or transversal (the particles’ movement is perpendicular to the wave’s direction)

 Sound waves (1)

• In sound wave motion air particles do not travel, they oscillate around a point in space.
• The rate of this oscillation is known as the frequency of the sound wave and is denoted in cycles per second (cps) or hertz (Hz).
• The amount of compression/rarefaction of the air is the amplitude of the sound wave.
• The distance between consecutive peaks of compression or rarefaction is the wavelength of the sound wave (denoted by λ)
 • A fast traveling wave results on a greater λ

Sound waves (2)

 • If the frequency of oscillation is fixed, then the sound wave is periodic (with period t, and frequency 1/t)
• The simplest periodic wave is a sinusoid 

Sound waves (3)

• The speed of a wave (c), depends on the density and elasticity of the medium (and thus in its temperature).
• In air, at 70 °F (21 °C), c = 769 mph (344 meters/s). This is slow when compared to most solids.
• If the speed c and the oscillation frequency f are known, the wavelength can be calculated as: λ = c/f

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